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1.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 37(3): 105-111, Sept. 2017. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087981

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad con cuerpos de Lewy incluye 2 entidades que podrían ser consideradas variantes clínicas de una misma patología: la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y la demencia en enfermedad de Parkinson. Con la finalidad de describir correctamente lo que sucede en la evolución de la enfermedad se divide el cuadro en etapa prodrómica y de demencia propiamente dicha. La primera está clínicamente representada por aquel período en el cual, si bien el paciente exhibe algunos signos y síntomas propios de la enfermedad, no reúne criterios de demencia. A pesar de ser difícil de definir y por carecerse todavía de contundentes datos clínicos y biomarcadores, se caracteriza principalmente por deterioro leve selectivo en función atencional ­ visuoespacial, trastorno del sueño REM y disautonomía‒. La segunda etapa está claramente caracterizada en los criterios de consenso del año 2005. Recientemente hemos publicado la validación de un instrumento llamado ALBA Screening Instrument, que permite diagnosticar con alta sensibilidad y especificidad la enfermedad aun en etapas tempranas y diferenciarla de otras patologías semejantes. La tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) para transportador de dopamina es el procedimiento de referencia (gold standard) del diagnóstico. El tratamiento sintomático con anticolinesterásicos y neurolépticos atípicos favorece una buena evolución de la enfermedad y es fundamental tener en cuenta evitar medicamentos que pueden dañar gravemente a los pacientes como los anticolinérgicos y antipsicóticos típicos. Los avances en el diagnóstico y la difusión del impacto de esta enfermedad en la población contribuirán a generar mayores esfuerzos de investigación para hallar un tratamiento eficaz, preventivo o curativo o de ambas características. (AU)


Lewy body disease includes 2 entities that could be considered clinical variants of the same pathology: Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease Dementia. Two stages of the disease are described in this review, a prodromal stage and one of explicit dementia. The first one is clinically represented by that period in which, the patient exhibits some typical features of the disease, but not dementia criteria. Despite being difficult to define the prodromal stage and that strong clinical data and biomarkers are still lacking, there is evidence to characterize it mainly by mild selective impairment in attention and visuo-spatial function, REM sleep disorder and dysautonomia. The second stage is clearly characterized in the known consensus criteria of 2005. We have recently published the validation of an instrument called ALBA Screening Instrument which showed a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of the disease even in the early stages. It´s useful to differentiate the disease from other similar pathologies. Positron Emission Tomography for dopamine transporter is the gold standard of diagnosis in life. Symptomatic treatment with anticholinesterases and atypical neuroleptics help patients in their evolution of the disease. Anticholinergics and typical antipsychotics are agents to avoid in the treatmen of the disease because can severely damage patients. Future advances in the diagnosis and dissemination of the knowledge of the disease will contribute to generate greater research efforts to find an effective preventive and / or curative treatment. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Lewy Body Disease/drug therapy , Lewy Body Disease/diagnostic imaging , Parkinson Disease/pathology , Attention , Signs and Symptoms , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benztropine/adverse effects , Biperiden/adverse effects , Carbidopa/administration & dosage , Carbidopa/therapeutic use , Levodopa/administration & dosage , Levodopa/therapeutic use , Trihexyphenidyl/adverse effects , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Clozapine/administration & dosage , Clozapine/therapeutic use , Muscarinic Antagonists/adverse effects , Dopamine Antagonists/adverse effects , Dopamine Agonists/adverse effects , Cholinergic Antagonists/adverse effects , Risperidone/adverse effects , Lewy Body Disease/diagnosis , Lewy Body Disease/etiology , Lewy Body Disease/genetics , Lewy Body Disease/pathology , REM Sleep Behavior Disorder/complications , Dementia , Primary Dysautonomias/complications , Prodromal Symptoms , Rivastigmine/administration & dosage , Rivastigmine/therapeutic use , Quetiapine Fumarate/administration & dosage , Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use , Olanzapine/adverse effects , Donepezil/administration & dosage , Donepezil/therapeutic use , Haloperidol/adverse effects , Histamine Antagonists/adverse effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/adverse effects
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(5): 272-276, May 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838901

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The objective of this preliminary study was to correlate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) alterations with the cognitive profile of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods This was a case-control study conducted from December 1, 2012 to December 1, 2014. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. A neuropsychological test battery adapted to ALS patients was used. An MRI with DTI was performed in all patients and fractional anisotropy (FA) was analyzed in the white matter using the tract based spatial statistics program. Results Twenty-four patients with ALS (15 females, mean age 66.9 + -2.3) and 13 healthy controls (four females, average age 66.9 + - 2) were included. The DTI showed white matter damage in ALS patients vs. healthy controls (p < 0.001). Discussion In our preliminary study the alterations of white matter in DTI were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in patients with ALS.


RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio preliminar fue correlacionar alteraciones del Tensor de Difusión (TD) con el perfil cognitivo de pacientes con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA). Metodos Se realizó estudio casos-controles entre el 1 de Diciembre del 2012 hasta el 1 de Diciembre del 2014. Se registraron datos clínicos y demográficos. Se utilizó batería de tests neuropsicológicos adaptada a ELA. Se realizó RMN de cerebro con TD en todos los pacientes, la Fracción de Anisotropía (FA) se analizó en sustancia blanca, utilizando el programa Tract Based Spatial Statistics. Resultados Se incluyeron 24 pacientes con ELA (15 mujeres, edad media 66.9 + -2.3) y 13 controles sanos (4 mujeres, edad media 66.9 +-2). El TD mostró daño en sustancia blanca en los pacientes con ELA vs controles (p < 0.001). Discusión En nuestro estudio preliminar las alteraciones de sustancia blanca en TD se asociaron significativamente con alteraciones cognitivas en pacientes con ELA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging , White Matter/diagnostic imaging , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Biomarkers , Case-Control Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology , White Matter/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Neuropsychological Tests
4.
Vertex rev. argent. psiquiatr ; 25(114): 85-91, 2014 Mar-Apr.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1176962

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of treatment with vitamin D in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. We performed a retrospective study including patients with mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease with more than four years of follow-up. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors, osteoporosis, treatment with memantine, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors drugs and vitamin D were analyzed as independent variables. Time of progression to moderate and severe Alzheimer’s disease was analyzed as dependent variable. The analysis was done using multivariate linear regression model, Kaplan Meier analysis, Chi-square and T test. Two hundred and two patients met the inclusion criteria. 11


of the patients (n = 23) remained in the mild stage of the disease, 54


(n = 110) developed the moderate form in a mean time of 3 ± 1.4 years while 35


(n = 69) developed the severe form in a mean time of 4.6 ± 1.4 years. Time of progression to severe stage of Alzheimer’s disease was slower in patients under treatment with vitamin D compared with those without treatment (5.4 ± 0.4 years vs. 4.4 ± 0.16 years respectively, p=0.003). Treatment with vitamin D may be an independent protecting factor in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Vitamins/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Female , Humans , Aged , Male , Middle Aged , Disease Progression , Severity of Illness Index
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